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		</div><p>the UK has performed the world’s first embryonic stem cell operation using a “patch” technique in the hope of finding a cure for blindness in some patients.</p>
<p>Here’s everything you need to know about the history-making procedure.</p>
<p><b>Has the operation been a success?</b></p>
<p>Professor Lyndon Da Cruz from Moorfields Eye Hospital in London carried out the operation last month on a woman with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p>
<p>The woman does not wish to be named but there have been no complications to date.</p>
<p>What new technique is being pioneered?</p>
<p><a href="http://londonglossy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/image252.jpg"><img src="http://londonglossy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/image252.jpg" alt="Science, stem cell research (AP)" width="600" height="526" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-80223" /></a></p>
<p>The procedure involves taking a single stem cell from an embryo and growing it into a “patch” or sheet of retinal pigment epithelium cells that can be transplanted into the eye.</p>
<p>The cells form a thin sheet that lines the inside of the eye, under the retina. A healthy layer is critical to normal sight.<br />
When these cells are damaged or lost, they are thought to lead to AMD.</p>
<p>Prof Da Cruz said embryos were the “perfect source” of cells, adding: “The reason we are very excited is that we have been able to create these very specific cells and we have been able to transfer them to the patient.</p>
<p>“It’s the combination of being able to create the cells that are missing and demonstrate that we can safely transplant them.</p>
<p>“This has the potential to be a treatment rather than being theoretical proof.”</p>
<p>The cells were taken from donated embryos that were created during IVF treatment but never used.</p>
<p><b>How will this treatment develop in the future?</b></p>
<p>Experts hope to be able to reverse vision loss in people with AMD, which affects more than 600,000 people in the UK and is the leading cause of blindness in adults.</p>
<p>A study on 10 patients with a form of the disease known as wet AMD has been launched, with the hope of extending the findings to people with the more common dry AMD.</p>
<p>AMD affects one specific area of cells that are either damaged or completely missing.</p>
<p>Prof Da Cruz has started the trial with wet AMD patients because there is potential to restore their sight faster following sudden vision loss.</p>
<p>“We can get an answer much earlier (with wet AMD compared with dry AMD) because vision can be restored more quickly,” he said.</p>
<p>“We would hope within the first three months to get some idea of whether it is working.”</p>
<p>He said the surgery would need to be performed early on in patients with dry AMD, but added: ”Certainly, we believe this technique will work in patients with dry AMD.”</p>
<p><b>What makes this such a historic ‘first’?</b></p>
<p>This is the first time experts have used a “patch” technique using embryonic cells with the aim of reversing vision loss in patients.</p>
<p>A previous safety study published in The Lancet used stem cells in a solution but was not aimed at reversing sight loss or producing a therapy.</p>
<p>The operation is a major milestone in the London Project to Cure Blindness, which is a partnership between Moorfields, the University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and the National Institute for Health Research.</p>
<p>Pharmaceutical giant Pfizer joined the partnership in 2009 with the goal of creating a potential therapy for AMD.</p>
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