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		</div><p>The first participant in a clinical trial for a vaccine to protect against the new coronavirus will receive an experimental dose on Monday, according to a US government official.</p>
<p>The National Institutes of Health is funding the trial, which is taking place at the Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute in Seattle.</p>
<p>Public health officials say it will take a year to 18 months to fully validate any potential vaccine.</p>
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<p>Testing will begin with 45 young, healthy volunteers with different doses of shots co-developed by NIH and Moderna Inc.</p>
<p>There is no chance participants could get infected from the jabs, because they do not contain the virus itself.</p>
<p>The goal is purely to check that the vaccines show no worrisome side effects, setting the stage for larger tests.</p>
<p>Dozens of research groups around the world are racing to create a vaccine as Covid-19 cases continue to grow.</p>
<p>Importantly, they are pursuing different types of vaccines — jabs developed from new technologies that not only are faster to produce than traditional inoculations but might prove more potent.</p>
<p>Some researchers even aim for temporary vaccines, such as jabs that might guard people’s health a month or two at a time while longer-lasting protection is developed.</p>
<p>Also in the works: Inovio Pharmaceuticals aims to begin safety tests of its vaccine candidate next month in a few dozen volunteers at the University of Pennsylvania and a testing centre in Kansas City, Missouri, followed by a similar study in China and South Korea.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Americans are the strongest and most resilient people on earth&#8230;We will remove or eliminate every obstacle necessary to deliver our people the care that they need, and that they are entitled to. No resource will be spared. <a href="https://t.co/gySUqewd4u">pic.twitter.com/gySUqewd4u</a></p>
<p>&mdash; Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1238603402457812992?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 13, 2020</a></p></blockquote>
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<p>Even if initial safety tests go well, “you’re talking about a year to a year and a half” before any vaccine could be ready for widespread use, according to Dr Anthony Fauci, director of NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.</p>
<p>That still would be a record-setting pace. But manufacturers know the wait — required because it takes additional studies of thousands of people to tell if a vaccine truly protects and does no harm — is hard for a frightened public.</p>
<p>US president Donald Trump has been pushing for swift action on a vaccine, saying in recent days that the work is “moving along very quickly” and he hopes to see a vaccine “relatively soon”.</p>
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<p>Today, there are no proven treatments.</p>
<p>In China, scientists have been testing a combination of HIV drugs against the new coronavirus, as well as an experimental drug named remdesivir that was in development to fight Ebola.</p>
<p>In the US, the University of Nebraska Medical Centre also began testing remdesivir in some Americans who were found to have Covid-19 after being evacuated from a cruise ship in Japan.</p>
<p>For most people, the new coronavirus causes only mild or moderate symptoms, such as fever and cough.</p>
<p>For some, especially older adults and people with existing health problems, it can cause more severe illness, including pneumonia.</p>
<p>The worldwide outbreak has sickened more than 156,000 people and left more than 5,800 dead.</p>
<p>The vast majority of people recover.</p>
<p>According to the World Health Organisation, people with mild illness recover in about two weeks, while those with more severe illness may take three weeks to six weeks to recover.</p>
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