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		</div><p>Real Madrid, Barcelona and five other Spanish clubs have been found guilty of breaking European Union rules on receiving financial help from the Spanish authorities.</p>
<p>In three separate investigations, the European Commission has decided the seven clubs gained an unfair advantage over other European Union clubs and must repay the illegal &#8220;state aid&#8221;.</p>
<p>Real Madrid is one of seven clubs ordered to repay state aid.</p>
<p>Athletic Bilbao, Osasuna, Barca and Real were found to have benefited from a reduced tax rate for 20 years, and Real also profited from a land transfer with the City of Madrid.</p>
<p>And Elche, Hercules and Valencia must repay significant sums to the state-owned Valencia Institute of Finance for loans they received whilst in financial troubles.</p>
<p>Commissioner Margrethe Vestager said in a European Commission statement: &#8220;Using tax payers&#8217; money to finance professional football clubs can create unfair competition.</p>
<p>&#8220;Professional football is a commercial activity with significant money involved and public money must comply with fair competition rules. The subsidies we investigated in these cases did not.&#8221;</p>
<p>Real Madrid have been ordered to repay €18.4 million for the land deal while they, Barca, Bilbao and Osasuna face payments of up to €5m after they were listed as non-profit organisations rather than limited liability companies.</p>
<p>Valencia will have to reimburse €20.4m of loans, with Hercules forced to repay €6.1m and Elche €3.7m.</p>
<p>But in another long-running state aid case, the commission, which regulates the EU&#8217;s single market, has cleared PSV Eindhoven and four other Dutch clubs of receiving unfair support from the public purse.</p>
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