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		</div><p>The Eiffel Tower shut down, France’s vaunted high-speed trains stood still and several thousand people protested in Paris as unions launched nationwide strikes over the government’s plan to overhaul the retirement system.</p>
<p>Paris authorities barricaded the presidential palace and deployed 6,000 police as activists – many in yellow vests representing France’s year-old movement for economic justice – gathered in the capital in a mass outpouring of anger at President Emmanuel Macron and his centrepiece reform.</p>
<p>Mr Macron himself remained “calm and determined” to push it through, according to a top presidential official.</p>
<p>The Louvre Museum warned of strike disruptions, and underground stations across Paris shut their gates.</p>
<p>Many visitors cancelled plans to travel to one of the world’s most-visited countries amid the strike.</p>
<p>Unprepared tourists discovered historic train stations standing empty, with about nine out of 10 of high-speed TGV trains cancelled.</p>
<p>Signs at Paris’ Orly Airport showed “cancelled” notices, as the civil aviation authority announced 20% of flights were grounded.</p>
<p>Some travellers showed support for the striking workers, but others complained about being embroiled in someone else’s fight.</p>
<p><em>“I had no idea about the strike happening, and I was waiting for two hours in the airport for the train to arrive and it didn’t arrive,”</em> said Ian Crossen, from New York.</p>
<p><em>“I feel a little bit frustrated. And I’ve spent a lot of money. I’ve spent money I didn’t need to, apparently.”</em></p>
<p>Beneath the closed Eiffel Tower, tourists from Thailand, Canada and Spain echoed those sentiments.</p>
<p>Bracing for possible violence along the route of the Paris march, police ordered all businesses, cafes and restaurants in the area to close.</p>
<p>Authorities banned protests in the more sensitive neighbourhoods around the Champs-Elysees avenue, presidential palace, parliament and Notre Dame Cathedral.</p>
<p>Police carried out security checks of more than 6,000 people arriving for the protest and detained 65 even before it started. Embassies warned tourists to avoid the protest area.</p>
<p>The mood was impassioned in the crowd massed on Boulevard Magenta in eastern Paris.</p>
<p>Health workers showed up to decry conditions in hospitals.</p>
<p>Environmentalists emphasised that climate justice and social justice are one and the same. And young and old roundly condemned the new retirement plan, which they fear would take money out of their pockets and reduce the period of repose the French expect in the last decades of their lives.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true">
<p lang="fr" dir="ltr">ð«ð· En raison du mouvement de grève national, je suis fermée aujourd&#39;hui. Mon parvis reste néanmoins accessible gratuitement.</p>
<p>ð¬ð§ Due to a national strike, I&#39;m closed today. Access to my esplanade remains open and free of charge.<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/tourEiffel?src=hash&;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#tourEiffel</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Eiffeltower?src=hash&;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Eiffeltower</a> <a href="https://t.co/882RfZ3xct">pic.twitter.com/882RfZ3xct</a></p>
<p>&mdash; La tour Eiffel (@LaTourEiffel) <a href="https://twitter.com/LaTourEiffel/status/1202500126390018054?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 5, 2019</a></p></blockquote>
<p><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p>
<p>Eric Mettling, who joined the yellow vests at the start of their movement, said the general strike had brought together social movements across France in a manner unprecedented in recent memory to denounce “the social crisis”.</p>
<p>Skirmishes broke out between police firing tear gas and protesters throwing flares at a protest in the western French city of Nantes, and thousands of red-vested union activists marched through cities from Marseille on the Mediterranean to Lille in the north.</p>
<p>Lacking public transport, commuters used shared bikes or electric scooters despite near-freezing temperatures.</p>
<p>Many workers in the Paris region worked from home or took a day off to stay with their children, since 78% of teachers in the capital were on strike.</p>
<p>The big question is how long the strike will last.</p>
<p>Transport Minister Elisabeth Borne said she expects the travel troubles to be just as bad on Friday, and unions said they will maintain the Paris underground system strike at least through to Monday.</p>
<p>Public sector workers fear Mr Macron’s reform will force them to work longer and shrink their pensions. Some private-sector workers share their worries, while others welcome the reform.</p>
<p>Joseph Kakou, who works an overnight security shift in western Paris, walked an hour to get home to the eastern side of town on Thursday morning.</p>
<p><em>“It doesn’t please us to walk. It doesn’t please us to have to strike,”</em> Mr Kakou told The Associated Press. <em>“But we are obliged to, because we can’t work until 90 years old.”</em></p>
<p>While Mr Macron respects the right to strike, he “is convinced that the reform is needed, he is committed, that’s the project he presented the French in 2017” during his election campaign, a presidential official said.</p>
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